[Effects of low electromagnetic field on mice embryos development]

Electromagnetic waved generated by electronic industries and the increasing use of electrical appliances have led to higher rise in chronic exposure to extremely-low frequency electromagnetic field [ELF-EMF]. This study was done to investigate the effects of low electromagnetic field on mice embryos development. In this experimental study, eighty female NMRI mice were super ovulated and coupled with male mated over the night. Next morning the female mice with a vaginal plug were identified as pregnant mice. Animals allocated into 2 groups; control group was not exposed to EMF and animals in case group exposed to 50 Hz and amp; 1.2 mT EMF the pregnant mice were scarified by cervical dislocation at 24, 72, 81, 96, 110 and 120 hours. Embryos were subsequently obtained from the mice by flashing the fallopian tubule and uterus horn. Data were analyzed using SPSS-13.5, ANOVA and student's t-tests. The number of 2, 3-4 cells and 5-8 of embryo cells and blastocyst decreased in case group compared to controls, but these reduction were not significant. The number of morula in cases significantly reduced in comparison with control group [P<0.05]. The average number of fragmented blastocyst in experimental groups siginficantly increased compared to control group [P<0.05]. The number of inner cell mass and trophoectoderm in experimental group significantly reduced in comparison with controls [P<0.05]. The exposure of extremely-low electromagnetic field in pregnancy reduces the number of morula, inner cell mass and trophoectoderm

Rare variation in the right vertebral artery

The variations of vertebral artery are important with regard to their potential clinical impact .The study reports the variation of course of right vertebral artery in male cadaver. The vertebral arteries arise from the superioposterior aspect of the first part of subclavian artery. The vessel takes a vertical course to enter into the transverse foramen of sixth cervical vertebra. Right vertebral artery in its course in the neck ascends between the carotid sheath and prevertebral fascia. But in this case, right vertebral artery at level of C3 pierced the prevertebral fascia to reach the transverse foramen of C3 .The length of this part is longer than normal size, but its lumen was normal. In international literature, the incidence of vertebral artery passing through C3 transverse foramen is seen in approximately 0.2% of the studied population. No anthropometric parameter has shown this case in Iran